Near Real Time Data
GSN Monitoring Centre (GSNMC) at the Deutcher Wetterdienst (DWD)
Monthly averages/totals of certain surface meteorological variables at the GSN stations are reported via the GTS shortly after the end of the month.
The GSNMC data set is available online at the Deutcher Wetterdienst (DWD). The final GSNMC data set is sent on a monthly basis to the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in Asheville, NC, USA, after the QC of the CLIMAT temperature and precipitation data has been completed (in general about 2 months after the end of the observation month). This data set is available at NOAA/NCDC through a user interface (GSN-Monthly). In order to offer earlier access to the GSN data, a so called "quick" GSN data set is provided as soon as it becomes available (about day 23 of the following month). This data set is marked by a 'Q' and does NOT include any information about data quality.
Data sets and products available at the GSNMC:
- Access GSNMC Monthly data (Final and Quick data)
- Format description of the GSNMC data set files
- Monthly monitoring products
- Annual monitoring reports
- Changes in the GSN
- Monitoring Methods
Japan Meteorological Agency
Global Average Surface Temperature Anomalies are available at the Japan Meteorological Agency web site:
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Historical Data
NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
- Global Surface Summary of Day Data (GSOD) (NOAA/NCDC) GSOD data for 18 surface meteorological elements are derived from the synoptic/hourly observations contained in USAF DATSAV3 Surface data and Federal Climate Complex Integrated Surface Data (ISD). Historical data are generally available for 1929 to the present, with data from 1973 to the present being the most complete. For some periods, one or more countries' data may not be available due to data restrictions or communications problems. In deriving the summary of day data, a minimum of 4 observations for the day must be present (allows for stations which report 4 synoptic observations/day). Since the data are converted to constant units (e.g, knots), slight rounding error from the originally reported values may occur (e.g, 9.9 instead of 10.0). (variables) (data access) (data documentation) (contact)
- GSN Monthly Data (GSNMON) (NOAA/NCDC) is a global network of approximately 1000 stations selected from the network of many thousands of existing meteorological stations. The GSN is intended to comprise the best possible set of land stations with a spacing of 2.5 to 5 degrees of latitude, thereby allowing coarse-mesh horizontal analyses for some basic parameters. These data are archived at NCDC after QC of the CLIMAT temperature and precipitation data has been completed (in general about 2 months after the end of the observation month) (see GSNMC data sets below) (data access) (data documentation) (program information) (contact)
- GHCN DAILY Version 2.8 (NOAA/NCDC ) is a data set whose aim is to address the need for historical daily records over global land areas. Like its monthly counterpart (GHCN-Monthly), GHCN-Daily is a composite of climate records from numerous sources that were merged and then subjected to a suite of quality assurance reviews. The meteorological elements measured for the data set include, but are not limited to, daily maximum and minimum temperature, temperature at the time of observation, precipitation (i.e., rainfall and snow water equivalent), snowfall and snow depth. GHCN-Daily serves as the official archive for daily data from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Surface Network (GSN) and is particularly well suited for monitoring and assessment activities related to the frequency and magnitude of extremes. (data access) (metadata) (data documentation) (contact)
- GHCN Monthly Version 2.0 and 3.0 beta (NOAA/NCDC) has been the official land surface mean temperature dataset since its release and has been widely used in several international climate assessments, as well as NCDC’s climate monitoring activities. Effective May 2, 2011, the GHCN-M version 3 dataset of monthly mean temperature replaced GHCN-M version 2 monthly mean temperature dataset. Beginning with the April 2011 State of the Climate Report, GHCN-M version 3 will be used for NCDC climate monitoring activities, including calculation of global land surface temperature anomalies and trends. (version 3.0 beta data access) (version 3.0 beta ftp download) (version 2.0 data access) (version 2.0 ftp download) (metadata) (data documentation) (contact)
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